The study of comparative politics serves multiple purposes. Academics and students in the United States may analyze the differences between the political, economic, and social systems of other countries, especially regarding the liberties granted to the citizens in the country of study. They may also research the history of a country to explain its present state, as well as predict future paths or outcomes. Typically, individuals and institutions devoted to the discipline either emphasize a certain country or geographic region or a political system, such as the traits of democratic governments.

The most common use of comparative politics is to educate individuals in government about other countries, so they can conduct international relations more effectively. For example, the CIA World Factbook provides detailed profiles of over 260 countries, including their governmental structures, militaries, and current cultural issues. More specialized resources, like FitchConnect, frame political events from a private sector perspective, theorizing on political developments and their effects on the world economy over the next decade, as well as providing detailed economic data.