Subcategory 8 was on macro photography. Macro photography is a form of photography that can capture small animals/insects in a 1:1 ratio or smaller. This allows for a more detailed view of things that are usually hard to photograph; for example, a snowflake. If you tried to take a picture of a snowflake using a normal lens and camera, you'd most likely get a small, white blur/ drop as your image, but a macro lens is very powerful and has a larger than average distance between the lens and the camera. Having a great distance between the lens and camera causes the camera to have a much closer focal point. when shooting macro, having a low depth of field helps the subject stand out more from the background. An increased distance between the camera body and lens can be attained by the use of an extension tube which is just a ring that goes between the lens and camera. A bellow does the same thing, but is flexible and allows for a change in the angle of the film plate.  When shooting in macro, the camera usually has to be fairly close to the subject, and if said subject is an animal/insect, it will most likely move if you get too close or move too much, so taking multiple pictures and using a bipod/monopod/tripod to stay still is a valid strategy to get the pictures you need.